Verb Conjugation

Imperfect Verbs

m = masculine, f = feminine

x = mixed gender (group), c = common gender

Prefixes

person gender	number	form	sound	example	construction
3m	singular	יִ◌	yi-	He will	yod hiriq
3x	plural	יִ◌	yi-	They(m/x) will	yod hiriq
3f & 2c	any	תִּ◌	ti-	She, You, Y'all or They(f) will	tav hiriq
1c	singular	אֶ◌	’e-	I will	alef segol
1c	plural	נִ◌	ni-	We will *	nun hiriq

* Watch out for ni- נִ◌ as it can also begin a Niphal Perfect verb! You'll see perfect conjugation suffixes at the end in this case.

Suffixes

person gender	number	form	sound	example	construction
3&2 m/x	plural	◌וּ	-u	They(m/x) will, Y'all(m/x) will	shuruq
3&2 f	plural	◌נָה	-nah	They(f) will, Y'all(f) will	nun qamats heh
2f only	singular	◌◌ִי	-iy	You(f) will	hiriq yod

Qal Imperfect Verbs

R = Root (◌◌◌)

P	masc. singular		masc. or mixed plural		fem. plural		fem. singular
3	יִ◌◌◌	yi-R	יִ◌◌◌וּ	yi-R-u	תִּ◌◌◌נָה	ti-R-nah	תִּ◌◌◌	ti-R
2	תִּ◌◌◌	ti-R	תִּ◌◌◌וּ	ti-R-u	תִּ◌◌◌נָה	ti-R-nah	תִּ◌◌◌◌ִי	ti-R-iy
1	אֶ◌◌◌	’e-R	נִ◌◌◌	ni-R	נִ◌◌◌	ni-R	אֶ◌◌◌	’e-R

Qal Perfect Verbs

s = singular, p = plural, m = masculine, f = feminine, c = common gender, x = mixed gender

Letter	Construction	Meaning		Letter	Construction	Meaning
-	base form	3ms: He did.	3m
◌◌ָה	qamats heh	3fs: She did.	3f/3c	◌וּ	shuruq	3cp: They did.

◌תָּ	tav qamats	2ms: You(m) did.	2m	◌תֶּם	tav segol mem	2mp: Y'all(m/x) did.
◌תְּ	tav	2fs: You(f) did.	2f	◌תֶּן	tav segol nun	2fp: Y'all(f) did.

◌תִּי	tav yod	1s: I did.	1c	◌נוּ	nun vav	1p: We did.

The Qal pattern can be identified by: The first two letters of the root have qamats and patah. With two exceptions: 3fs: “she did” - The first two letters of the root have qamats and shewa. 2cp: “y'all did” - The first two letters of the root have vocal shewa and patach.

Other Perfect Verb Stems

Note: This is enough information to help identify the stem, but not enough information to generate the verbs. Identifying the stem is helpful so you can figure out which letters are the radicals (letters forming the root word.) Be aware that in certain conjugations and with certain types of sounds it is possible for one of the radicals to disappear.

Stem	Sign	Meaning	Example	Meaning
Qal (Pa'al)	pattern described above	A. simple	כָּתַבְנוּ	We wrote
Niphal	prefix is nun hiriq first radical has silent shewa	P. simple	נִכְתַּבְנוּ	We were written
Hiphil	prefix is heh hiriq first radical has silent shewa	A. causative	הִכְתַּבְנוּ	We dictated
Hophal	prefix is heh qamatz first radical has silent shewa	P. causative	הֻכְתַּבְנוּ	We were dictated
Piel	first radical has hiriq	A. intensive	כִּתַּבְנוּ	We engraved/addressed
Pual	first radical has shuruq	P. intensive	כֻּתַּבְנוּ	We were engraved/addressed
Hithpael	prefix is heh hiriq thav silent shewa first radical has patach	Reflexive	הִתְכַּתַּבְנוּ	corresponded